A Comparison of Willy Loman of Death of a Salesman and and Torvald Helmer of A Dolls House :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Characters of Willy Loman from Death of A Salesman and Torvald Helmer of A Doll's House       In the tales Demise of A Salesman, and A Doll's House, there are numerous similarities.  I proceeded to pick one character from every story whom's closeness intrigued me the most.  The characters I picked were Willy Loman from Death of A Salesman, and Torvald Helmer of A Doll's House.  I picked these characters in view of their inspiration to make it to get fruitful.     Willy Loman, a sixty-year-old voyaging sales rep, is experiencing difficulty recently in light of the fact that he can't keep his psyche on the present. He holds floating to and fro among the real world and memory, searching for precisely where his life turned out badly. Having been downgraded to a carefully commissions sales rep, as he was in the start of his vocation, Willy starts to think about what botched chance or wrong turn drove his life to this horrid existence.      Torvald Helmer is businessperson who has as of late been elevated to the situation of Manager of the Savings Bank. A circumspect man, Torvald carries on with his life as indicated by society's standards both expertly and by and by who feels notoriety has a major impact in his success.  Both stories are about a move for progress that prompts betrayal.  The story Passing of A Salesman, accompanies the emblematic significance of the demise of an American Dream, or the freeing of deception as it applies to the American Dream.  The story A Doll's House the title mirrors the primary character's life and how she was dealt with like fortune, for example, a doll.       Both Willy and Torvald lives are like the way that they are both attempting to accommodate their families, yet at long last they find an extraordinary loss.  Willy Loman a sales rep and a firm adherent to the American Dream, had the thought that any man can ascend from humble beginnings to greatness.  Willy Loman inspiration to become fruitful was he felt that he accepts achievement originates from being popular not stressing over capabilities and being famous you well consistently end up as the winner.       Willy is a Multifaceted character who depicted a profound issue with sociological and mental causes and done as such with upsetting reality.

Passing By Nella Larsen Essays - Harlem Renaissance, Passing

Passing By Nella Larsen Nella Larsen's tale, Passing, gives a case of probably the best composing the Harlem Renaissance needs to offer. Nella Larsen was one of the most encouraging youthful author's of her time. In spite of the fact that she just distributed two books unmistakably she was one of the most significant authors of the Harlem Renaissance development. Her profession as author most likely would have kept going longer, yet she was blamed for stealing her short story, Sanctuary. She was in the long run freed from any wrong doing, yet the allegation profoundly discolored her notoriety for being author. It is genuinely a disgrace that the principal African-American lady to win the Guggenheim Fellowship was constrained out of composing by outrage. Before being spooky by embarrassment, Nella Larsen played a complicated job in the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a development that headed close to the finish of World War I and kept going through the mid 1930's. It was the first eminent development of African-American journalists and craftsmen in the United States. It was given the name Harlem Renaissance on the grounds that the development was focused in the Harlem region in New York City. More African-American journalists and artists were distributed during this period in the United States than at any other time. Not just were African-American essayists being distributed more, in any case, they were additionally getting a lot of acknowledgment for their work. The assemblage of work normal for this time period indicated an uplifted feeling of racial cognizance. African-American essayists during this time were not just trying to neutralize racial bias, but on the other hand were propagating the social legacy of Africa. A portion of the significant essayists conceived from this period incorporate Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Jean Toomer, Countee Cullen, Neale Hurston and obviously, Nella Larsen. The composition of the Harlem Renaissance investigated a assortment of topics and types. The essayist's tested with a wide assortment of styles too. Langston Hughes for case investigated the lives of regular workers African-Americans. Jean Toomer investigated what life resembled for poor African-Americans. Countee Cullen on the other hand investigated the issue of bigotry and the meaning of Africa for African-Americans. Nella Larsen investigated the limitations looked by African-Americans as indicated by their skin shading. Nella Larsen's epic, Passing was her second too as last novel and was distributed in 1929. To show signs of improvement thought of what this novel is around, one must get what precisely passing is. Passing is when African-American men or then again ladies with fair complexion make themselves look like white in request to appreciate the benefits that were stood to white individuals during this period in American history. The Plessy versus Ferguson administering of discrete, however equivalent was still in impact right now ever. In this manner, one could comprehend why it could be beneficial for African-Americans who had light enough skin to pass themselves off as white. Passing is described by the character, Irene Redfield, who is a working class, fair looking African-American lady who regrets passing. She is hitched to a specialist, with whom she has two children, who is too dull to even think about passing. Irene is to some degree reluctantly glad for her African legacy. Irene's life is coming as normal when she runs into a cherished companion. Her old companion's name is Clare Kendry. Clare Kendry is a fair looking African-American lady who goes for white. Truth be told she is even hitched to a white specialist. Amusingly, Irene runs into her at a housetop café where she herself is going to sidestep the warmth wave. The characters in Passing, are confronted with the disarray of which race to relate to. They are caught in limbo between two universes: white and dark. These sentiments of being denied benefits on the off chance that they relate to African-American culture and being permitted benefits if they go as white makes them feel desolate and feel as in spite of the fact that they are not genuinely part of either race. In the event that they pass they will be permitted to practice all the benefits that join being white during this time of history in America. On the off chance that they choose to recognize themselves as African-American they will be precluded numerous from securing the most essential benefits given to American residents. This book investigates the snare that fair looking African-Americans are placed in by the Plessy versus Ferguson administering of discrete, however equivalent. This decision is in reality, discrete, however not anyplace close to rise to. Passing demonstrates this to be valid. African-Americans would not even engage passing in the event that they were not being denied certain rights and benefits. This book is an important record of the terrible outcomes of being denied racial character because of a court choice and a general public which propagates this unwarranted bias. Is it better to deny

8 Fat Positive Books to Help With Self-Loving Resolutions

8 Fat Positive Books to Help With Self-Loving Resolutions For almost two decades my New Years resolutionsâ€"sometimes public, often secretâ€"have involved changing my body. Drink more water. Lose two pounds a week. Do sit-ups every morning. Buy a bikini this year. Some resolutions I stuck with, and others I failed. Either way, most made me feel worse about myself. At age 11, I felt fat at 120 pounds. In college, I felt fat at 155 pounds. And this January, I still feel fat at (deep breath) 215 pounds. But through the body positivity movement and fat positive books, the word fat isnt the scary monster hiding under my bed that it used to be. It doesnt mean worthless anymore. That doesnt mean I dont still want to lose ten (twenty, thirty, etc.) pounds this year. I do. I want to fit into my jeans from three years ago. Id love my knees to hurt less when I run. When a man gives up his seat for me on the subway, I want it to be because he thinks I look hot, not because he thinks I look pregnant (true story).  At my yearly physical, I dont want my doctor to sheepishly hand me a pamphlet that tells me to solve all my problems by giving up soda (which, news flash: I never drink). But as much as I want all those things, I want to love myself and my body more. Because, obviously, none of those old resolutions worked. Just like research shows that 95% of diets dont work, at least not in the long term. These books are ones I think will help me and hopefully might be of interest to you, no matter what size you are. And, you know what, I went ahead and ordered that bikini this year: in my current size. *Forewarning: some of these books lean on feminine terms and the gender binary more than Id like. I understand why. But I think people of all gender identities would benefit from body positive messages and lessons in self love.* Things No One Will Tell Fat Girls: A Handbook for Unapologetic Living  by Jes Baker This book is a manifesto to prioritize mental health and body acceptance over dieting and weight loss. It combines personal essays with real research to combat the pervasive fat prejudice that permeates our culture from the media to the medical community. Its possible to laugh, while learning, with quick, clever lessons like Salad Will Not Get You Into Heaven and Cheesecake Will Not Send You to Hell. The back of the book states, If youre a person with a body, this book is for you, and I agree enthusiastically. Every Body Yoga: Let Go of Fear, Get on the Mat, Love Your Body  by Jessamyn Stanley Jessamyn Stanley is a stereotype-breaking yoga instructor and Instagram star. She has a commitment to body positive yoga and an inspirational ability to share her own fears, insecurities, and struggles. With beautiful, full color photographs, this book outlines fifty yoga poses useful for beginners and experienced yoga practitioners as well. With sequences like I Need to Release Fear and I Want to Love Myself this book is a perfect primer for how to love yourself and your body more in 2018. Shrill  by Lindy West Lindy West is fat. And she wants to reclaim that word. Fat. To her, it isnt a bad thing. Its just the way she looks. It doesnt make her a bad person. It doesnt make her unattractive. And reading a book by a person with this attitude was absolutely mesmerizing to me. From her shy childhood trying (and failing) to blend in to standing out as a gladiator for feminism and body positivity in her many public culture wars, Lindys memoir offers a pathway to confidence in so much more than just your body. And, I promise, this book is both wildly funny and deeply emotional. Come As You Are: The Surprising New Science that Will Transform Your Sex Life  by Emily Nagoski Body positivity equals sex positivity. Feeling guilty about your body and feeling guilty about your sexuality are often tied to each other. Because in both situations, we are often comparing ourselves and our sex lives to other people (particularly with unrealistic and often unachievable portrayals in media). This book addresses how body image, stress, and ideas of what it *looks* like to be sexy from pornography get in the way of female desire and pleasure. Also, it breaks down the most recent science about whats really behind female sexuality. For a more self loving (in every sense of the word) 2018, this book is a must read. Hunger: A Memoir of (My) Body  by Roxane Gay Hunger  is a beautiful memoir by, in my opinion, the greatest nonfiction writer of our time. It chronicles the authors childhood, teens, and early twenties through the lens of her bodyâ€"a perspective women are often reduced to by others but rarely use to tell their own stories. From a horrific act of sexual violence to the humiliation of air travel in a fat body, this book shows the connections between different ways women are told their bodys dont belong to them. Gay manages to put words to so many feelings and thoughts Ive had but couldnt explain. In a genre that loves the dichotomy of before and after, I loved that this book portrayed the honest spectrum of feelings, shapes, and sizes that exist in most peoples ongoing middle. Beautiful You: A Daily Guide to Radical Self-Acceptance  by Rosie Molinary Rosie Molinary wants women to feel beautiful regardless of their age, skin color, size, or the million other things media teach us to scrutinize about ourselves. To that end, this book provides daily exercises designed to combat negative media messages and bolster womens self esteem and self image. Each day brings a new opportunity to journal, draw, or improve the mind-body connection. Instead of cliched meditations and affirmations, this book gives readers tasks that are achievable and empowering. Women Who Run With the Wolves: Myths and Stories of the Wild Woman Archetype  by  Clarissa Pinkola Estés This book isnt strictly about body positivity, but it certainly supports that message within the Jungian analysis of women who refuse to conform in myths, legends, and folktales from around the world. When my sister first showed me this book, I thought it was a little lets all go to a tent and sing Kumbayah while we have our periods together. And, okay, there is some of that in these pages. But there is also so much more. This book shows that fairytales, and the like, arent just for children. They can also be used to empower women to embrace the truest and freest form of their psyche and psychology. Powerful stuff. This Is Who I Am: Our Beauty in All Shapes and Sizes  by Rosanne Olson I think if I saw more women of all sizes portrayed as beautiful, I would have grown up more accepting of my body. Simply the act of looking at non-perfect bodies (i.e. real bodies because no one is perfect, some bodies are just presented that way) has been hugely empowering for me. Photographer Rosanne Olsons book is a wonderful place to start. It contains 54 full body portraits of women ages 19 to 95. They are all different ages, ethnicities, sizes, and shapes. All they have in common is that none are professional models and all were willing participants in the project. And if you work your way through these nonfiction gems and want another dose of body positivity, try some of these  romance novels,  coloring books, and fat positive/queer YA books.

8 Fat Positive Books to Help With Self-Loving Resolutions

8 Fat Positive Books to Help With Self-Loving Resolutions For almost two decades my New Years resolutionsâ€"sometimes public, often secretâ€"have involved changing my body. Drink more water. Lose two pounds a week. Do sit-ups every morning. Buy a bikini this year. Some resolutions I stuck with, and others I failed. Either way, most made me feel worse about myself. At age 11, I felt fat at 120 pounds. In college, I felt fat at 155 pounds. And this January, I still feel fat at (deep breath) 215 pounds. But through the body positivity movement and fat positive books, the word fat isnt the scary monster hiding under my bed that it used to be. It doesnt mean worthless anymore. That doesnt mean I dont still want to lose ten (twenty, thirty, etc.) pounds this year. I do. I want to fit into my jeans from three years ago. Id love my knees to hurt less when I run. When a man gives up his seat for me on the subway, I want it to be because he thinks I look hot, not because he thinks I look pregnant (true story).  At my yearly physical, I dont want my doctor to sheepishly hand me a pamphlet that tells me to solve all my problems by giving up soda (which, news flash: I never drink). But as much as I want all those things, I want to love myself and my body more. Because, obviously, none of those old resolutions worked. Just like research shows that 95% of diets dont work, at least not in the long term. These books are ones I think will help me and hopefully might be of interest to you, no matter what size you are. And, you know what, I went ahead and ordered that bikini this year: in my current size. *Forewarning: some of these books lean on feminine terms and the gender binary more than Id like. I understand why. But I think people of all gender identities would benefit from body positive messages and lessons in self love.* Things No One Will Tell Fat Girls: A Handbook for Unapologetic Living  by Jes Baker This book is a manifesto to prioritize mental health and body acceptance over dieting and weight loss. It combines personal essays with real research to combat the pervasive fat prejudice that permeates our culture from the media to the medical community. Its possible to laugh, while learning, with quick, clever lessons like Salad Will Not Get You Into Heaven and Cheesecake Will Not Send You to Hell. The back of the book states, If youre a person with a body, this book is for you, and I agree enthusiastically. Every Body Yoga: Let Go of Fear, Get on the Mat, Love Your Body  by Jessamyn Stanley Jessamyn Stanley is a stereotype-breaking yoga instructor and Instagram star. She has a commitment to body positive yoga and an inspirational ability to share her own fears, insecurities, and struggles. With beautiful, full color photographs, this book outlines fifty yoga poses useful for beginners and experienced yoga practitioners as well. With sequences like I Need to Release Fear and I Want to Love Myself this book is a perfect primer for how to love yourself and your body more in 2018. Shrill  by Lindy West Lindy West is fat. And she wants to reclaim that word. Fat. To her, it isnt a bad thing. Its just the way she looks. It doesnt make her a bad person. It doesnt make her unattractive. And reading a book by a person with this attitude was absolutely mesmerizing to me. From her shy childhood trying (and failing) to blend in to standing out as a gladiator for feminism and body positivity in her many public culture wars, Lindys memoir offers a pathway to confidence in so much more than just your body. And, I promise, this book is both wildly funny and deeply emotional. Come As You Are: The Surprising New Science that Will Transform Your Sex Life  by Emily Nagoski Body positivity equals sex positivity. Feeling guilty about your body and feeling guilty about your sexuality are often tied to each other. Because in both situations, we are often comparing ourselves and our sex lives to other people (particularly with unrealistic and often unachievable portrayals in media). This book addresses how body image, stress, and ideas of what it *looks* like to be sexy from pornography get in the way of female desire and pleasure. Also, it breaks down the most recent science about whats really behind female sexuality. For a more self loving (in every sense of the word) 2018, this book is a must read. Hunger: A Memoir of (My) Body  by Roxane Gay Hunger  is a beautiful memoir by, in my opinion, the greatest nonfiction writer of our time. It chronicles the authors childhood, teens, and early twenties through the lens of her bodyâ€"a perspective women are often reduced to by others but rarely use to tell their own stories. From a horrific act of sexual violence to the humiliation of air travel in a fat body, this book shows the connections between different ways women are told their bodys dont belong to them. Gay manages to put words to so many feelings and thoughts Ive had but couldnt explain. In a genre that loves the dichotomy of before and after, I loved that this book portrayed the honest spectrum of feelings, shapes, and sizes that exist in most peoples ongoing middle. Beautiful You: A Daily Guide to Radical Self-Acceptance  by Rosie Molinary Rosie Molinary wants women to feel beautiful regardless of their age, skin color, size, or the million other things media teach us to scrutinize about ourselves. To that end, this book provides daily exercises designed to combat negative media messages and bolster womens self esteem and self image. Each day brings a new opportunity to journal, draw, or improve the mind-body connection. Instead of cliched meditations and affirmations, this book gives readers tasks that are achievable and empowering. Women Who Run With the Wolves: Myths and Stories of the Wild Woman Archetype  by  Clarissa Pinkola Estés This book isnt strictly about body positivity, but it certainly supports that message within the Jungian analysis of women who refuse to conform in myths, legends, and folktales from around the world. When my sister first showed me this book, I thought it was a little lets all go to a tent and sing Kumbayah while we have our periods together. And, okay, there is some of that in these pages. But there is also so much more. This book shows that fairytales, and the like, arent just for children. They can also be used to empower women to embrace the truest and freest form of their psyche and psychology. Powerful stuff. This Is Who I Am: Our Beauty in All Shapes and Sizes  by Rosanne Olson I think if I saw more women of all sizes portrayed as beautiful, I would have grown up more accepting of my body. Simply the act of looking at non-perfect bodies (i.e. real bodies because no one is perfect, some bodies are just presented that way) has been hugely empowering for me. Photographer Rosanne Olsons book is a wonderful place to start. It contains 54 full body portraits of women ages 19 to 95. They are all different ages, ethnicities, sizes, and shapes. All they have in common is that none are professional models and all were willing participants in the project. And if you work your way through these nonfiction gems and want another dose of body positivity, try some of these  romance novels,  coloring books, and fat positive/queer YA books.

Essay about Work in Modern America - 3049 Words

Work in Modern America The modern day American society hosts a broad spectrum of industries with various occupations and professions to engage today’s workforce. America, much like most first world countries is a service economy based on the exchange of knowledge and expertise rather than materials and products. People have a long history of work and work evolution that has ultimately brought America to a service economy producing both strengths and weaknesses within the society and its economy. As America has moved to a service economy, much of the manufacturing and production jobs have moved oversees to third world countries creating a reliance on other economies. This globalization of the workforce as well as unionization, and the†¦show more content†¦These large companies swept the nation buying out and replacing smaller, regional companies; eventually creating a monopoly. This amassed to a hand full of wealthy and influential people holding the majority of e conomic and political power. As these companies have gained in size, so have their political influence and development of bureaucracy and â€Å"depersonalization of the work environment† (Hodson, R. amp; Sullivan, T.A., 2008, p. 26). One of the most influential concepts and innovations to come out of the early twentieth century to change the face of production was the assembly line developed by Henry Ford and the Ford Motor Company and first used in production in 1913 (National Academy of Engineering, 2010) . With assembly-line production, job skills become highly specific to the technology and procedures used in a given plant. Such jobs are considered semi-skilled because they require a specific skill but one that can be learned in a relatively short time... The organizations of production around an assembly line†¦and other forms of advanced mechanization are organized under scientific management [where]†¦the worker was to execute diligently a set of motions engineered to ensure the most efficient performance of a given task. (Hodson, R. amp; Sullivan, T.A., 2008, p. 27) Assembly line production quickly caught on to other manufacturingShow MoreRelatedWalt Whitman s View On The Socio Political Conditi ons Of Modernity1685 Words   |  7 Pagesmodernity What is a modern poem? What modern poets write in a society that is running very fast through the latest technologies? In a machinery time, modern poets write in new manner with new social subjects. They just cannot write about trees, river, cattle, and other natural resources. Their poems are now soak up with the essences of machines, and their effects on the society. Otherwise modern poetry cannot exit in today’s busy world. Two modern poets Walt Whitman in his poem â€Å"I Hear America Singing† andRead MoreThe Myth Of The American Gods1256 Words   |  6 Pages Some may ask, what is a myth? To the common person, a myth is a work of â€Å"fiction†: an untrue story made obsolete by modern society. A myth is a story that cannot be taken literally. For the sake of making the definition clear, a myth is a story; it is a narrative; it is what helps people make sense of a complicated world through different perspectives and experiences. Sometimes, these stories have lessons that people can interpret from the events of them. Gaiman certainly has written a myth: theRead MoreFrank Lloyd Wright s Life, Career, Influences And Impact On The Way We See American Architecture1500 Words   |  6 PagesFrank Lloyd Wright is Americas’ best known and most influential architect and arguably the greatest architect of the 20th century from anywhere in the world. Wright is known and respected throughout the world for his innovative and modern designs. As an architect Wright developed an organic and what became known as a distinctively American style throughout his work. Many believe that Frank Lloyd Wright changed the way we build and and live in the modern world. This essay will examine and evaluateRead MoreThe Myth Of The American Gods1153 Words   |  5 Pages Some may ask, what is a myth. To the common person, a myth is a work of â€Å"fiction†: an untrue story made obsolete by modern society. A myth is a story that cannot be taken literall y. For the sake of making the definition clear, a myth is a story; it is a narrative; it is what helps people make sense of a complicated world through different perspectives and experiences. Sometimes, these stories have lessons that people can interpret from the events of them. Gaiman certainly has written a myth: theRead MoreMax Weber And Karl Marx On Modern Capitalism1510 Words   |  7 Pages Max Weber and Karl Marx on Modern Capitalism Anna Thor Sociology 475: Classical Sociological Theory Capitalism has continued to affect the way our society works as it is vital to our society. Two sociologists named Karl Marx and Max Weber have explained what they saw the historical emergence of modern capitalism. Both Karl Marx and Max Weber saw the significance of evolution of modern capitalism in the United States. Although both of the sociologists have differing views on how theyRead MoreThomas Jefferson s Influence On Modern Day Democracy1616 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson’s Influence on Modern Day Democracy and Racism Thomas Jefferson created two facades when it came to racism and slavery. Thomas Jefferson had a personal history with slavery and owning a plantation, but in certain instances he appeared to support equality like in his letter to Benjamin Banneker. Different texts like Notes on the State of Virginia by Thomas Jefferson with the related documents edited by David Waldstreicher, and Banneker and Jefferson Letter Exchange are examples ofRead MoreThe Socio Political Conditions Of Modernity1377 Words   |  6 PagesModernity in Poetry In modern era poetry, poets write about social subjects as opposed to outdated topics. They do not write on the subject of trees, river, cattle, and other natural resources. Their poems are now a reflection of the times, referring to the essence of machines and their effects on the society. Outdated poetry would not be able to exist in today’s busy world if the topics were not updated. Walt Whitman s I Hear America Singing† and Langston Hughes â€Å"Let America Be America Again† attractRead MoreJemimah Ejikeme,. Professor Clack. En 207A. 27 March 20171320 Words   |  6 PagesJemimah Ejikeme, Professor Clack EN 207A 27 March 2017 The Puritan: Is the 21st Century America influenced by the Puritan ideology? American Puritanism began from a crusade for reform in the Church of England, which had a great socio-economic, political, theological and ethical influence on American as a Nation. A close focus on how the 21st century America emulated the Puritan moral/value and how these vales has been intertwined with the thinking process the average American. This comparativeRead MoreRace Relations And The Civil Rights Movement924 Words   |  4 PagesSlowly over time the race relation between whites and African-Americans progressed. It wasn’t until the late 1900s that African-Americans finally gained the ability to vote in the country they have fought for and lived in for many decades. Today in modern American, even after the Civil Rights movement, many minorities still do not have access to the civil rights that the constitution stated that all men deserve. For instance, in the late 1800s to early 1900s African-Americans were the hated minorityRead MoreLabor and Industrialization in American History Essay663 Words   |  3 PagesIndustrialization in American History The phrase ‘Rise Of Smokestack America’ is often used in reference to the industrial revolution during which America’s industrial growth led to the growth of factories and modern cities, the development of social classes due to division of labor and race. During this period, the American labor force transformed tremendously as the nation evolved from a largely agricultural society into a relatively modern society. Role of Labor Force in the Transition from Agriculture

Diagnosis Requires A Positive Result From An Initial Hiv...

TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION 1 †¢ Diagnosis requires a positive result from an initial HIV antibody or combination antigen/antibody test plus an accompanying or subsequent positive result from a supplemental HIV test different from the initial test 1 †¢ Current guidelines suggest using a Fourth generation assay that detects HIV p24 antigen AND HIV antibodies 19 o Positive results are confirmed by an HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay - If the differentiation immunoassay is indeterminate or negative, plasma HIV RNA level (HIVviralload) should be checked. o Note that these current guidelines differ from the classic approach of first testing with a third generation antibody test, an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and then confirming†¦show more content†¦(2 or more episodes in 12 months) - Esophageal candidiasis - Invasive cervical carcinoma confirmed by biopsy - Disseminated or extra pulmonary coccidioidomycosis - Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis - Chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis (1 month in duration) - Cytomegalovirus disease (other than liver, spleen, or nodes) - HIV-related encephalopathy - Herpes simplex virus characterized by chronic ulcers (1 month in duration), or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or esophagitis - Disseminated or extra pulmonary histoplasmosis - Chronic intestinal isosporiasis, (1 month in duration) - Kaposi sarcoma - Lymphoma (Burkitt, immunoblastic, or primary central nervous system) - Disseminated or extra pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) or Mycobacterium kansasii - Pulmonary or extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Disseminated or extra pulmonary Mycobacterium, other species or unidentified species - Pneumocystisjiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia (PCP) - Progressive multifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML) - Recurrent (nontyphoid) Salmonella septicemia - Toxoplasmosis of brain - HIV wasting syndrome (involuntary weight loss 10% of baseline body weight) associated with either chronic diarrhea (two or more loose stools per day For 1 month) or chronic weakness and documented Fever For 1 month DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL PRESENTATION †¢ History o Greater than 50% with acute HIV infection develop symptoms, although timing and duration are variable 4 - Acute illness develops within 1-4 weeks

Organizational Behavior Concepts of atT Essay - 1954 Words

AT T is the largest communications company in the world. The company is the leading U.S. provider of wireless, high speed Internet access, local and long distance voice, and directory publishing and advertising services. They have even expanded to include entertainment with television services called UVERSE TV. With the many accomplishments of this media giant its portrayal of evidenced practice of some successful organizational behavior concepts reveal clear understanding of leadership. AT T has proven success through effective organizational behaviors that include focusing on organizational structure, organizational culture and communication. Organization culture is the matter that holds a company intact. This is what makes each†¦show more content†¦This organization encourages the development of a comprehensive work environment where all employees are respected and can achieve at their fullest potential. ATT has a very strong culture and their values are not only shared with management, but by all employees. While mergers are known to affect an organization’s culture, AT T has proven success with at least three mergers. In October of 2004 ATT completed a merger with Cingular to become ATT wireless. In November of 2005, SBC and ATT finalized their union and with that ATT Corporation became ATT Incorporated. The organization became the largest phone company in the United States when they acquired SBC, serving 13 states in the western and southwestern part of the U.S. Their latest acquisition came in Mar of 2006 when Bellsouth was purchased (ATT Inc. Notable Corporate Chronologies Online Version, 2006). With the merger of Bellsouth, ATT picked up another nine states in the Southeast to provide available service in a total of 22 states (Reardon, 2006). The merger of ATT and BellSouth, along with the consolidation of Cingular Wireless, will continue advancement in the communications and entertainment industry, where they will continue to invent new resolutions for consumers and businesses. These accomplishments prove that ATT has a successful organizational culture. Organizational structure for the largest provider inShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior Concepts Of ATT Essay1854 Words   |  8 PagesAT T is the largest communications company in the world. The company is the leading U.S. provider of wireless, high speed Internet access, local and long distance voice, and directory publishing and advertising services. They have even expanded to include entertainment with television services called UVERSE TV. With the many accomplishments of this media giant its portrayal of evidenced practice of some successful organizational behavior concepts reveal clear understanding of leadership. AT Read MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper850 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper The following essay will be described the organizational behavior terminology and concepts applied in the organization. The following topics will be presented: Organization culture as internal and external environment of control. Diversity as of individual differences based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, disabilities, and sexual orientation. As the last subject communication as the human skill that helps the organization to work well withRead MorePersonality Analysis and the Study of Organizational Behavior1704 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of research in the realm of organizational behavior because In order for managers to predict behavior, they must know the personalities of those who work for them, (Personality and Values, n.d.). Personality is also crucial to organizational behavior because the personality of individuals will impact quantitative measures such as productivity. Furthermore, the personality of the people working for an organization serves to shape and determine i ts organizational culture. The workplace environmentRead MoreEffective Communication Among Every Group Member790 Words   |  4 Pagessupport creativity by serving as a role model, persevering through tough problem, as well as encouraging trust, collaboration and communication within the team. †¢ Organizational Support - Encouragement from supervisors certainly fosters creativity, but creativity is truly enhanced when the entire organization supports it. Organizational leaders must put in place appropriate systems or procedures that value and recognize creative contributions. †¢ Managerial Implication- Positive approach to innovationRead MoreLewin’s Three-Stage Model of Planned Change1134 Words   |  5 Pagesfundamentally concerns the process of changing organizational behaviors. More specifically, new behaviors must replace old ones or be adapted to or integrated with existing behaviors to enable successful change (Palmer, Dunford, Akin, 2009; Schein, 1993, 2004). This paper outlines the three stages of Lewin’s model of planned change – unfreezing, movement, and refreezing – and discusses the importance of each relative to changing employee behaviors. Lewin’s Three-Stage Model Lewin’s approachRead MoreKey Resources That Affect Creativity Are Time And Money778 Words   |  4 Pagescreativity by serving as a role model, persevering through tough problem, as well as encouraging trust, collaboration and communication within the team.(Bateman, 1999) †¢ Organizational Support - Encouragement from supervisors certainly fosters creativity, but creativity is truly enhanced when the entire organizationsupports it. Organizational leaders must put in place appropriate systems or procedures that value and recognize creative contributions. †¢ Managerial Implication- Positive approach to innovationRead MoreLeading Employees Of Different Cultural Backgrounds1266 Words   |  6 Pageswork force is made up of people all around the globe, managing such a diverse work force is a challenge. An organization is doomed if the management fails to lead, motivate and inspire their diverse workforce. One aspect of management specifies the behavior, attitude and the level of motivation in any given situation this could be even more problematic in multicultural work environments. There could be many different factors as well as conditions that could influence the management’s style which includesRead MoreLeadership: an Integrative Approach1334 Words   |  6 PagesLDR/531 March 10th, 2012 Professor Miguel Rodriguez Carrasquillo Leadership: An Integrative Approach Leadership, as stated by Yukl (2010), is a multifaceted concept that has kept a passionate interest among its followers and people since it takes into account the characteristics of the leaders, followers and the surrounding environment. Also, in his work Yukl (2010) portrays the term as both a specialized roleRead MoreThe Role Of Organizational Behavior By Embracing Performance Management Research Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues’, Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), pp.507-525. Aguinis, H., C. Pierce, (2008) ‘Enhancing the Relevance of Organizational Behavior by Embracing Performance Management Research’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29 (1) pp.139-145 Atrill, P., E. McLaney, (2011) Accounting and Finance for Non-Specialists, 7th Edition, Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall Barney, J. (1986) ‘Organizational Culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage’? Academy of Management 11(3), pp. 656-665. BarneyRead MoreMusic Games International ( Mgi )1692 Words   |  7 Pageslack of organization and control, views were aired in an unstructured manner. Since there was no particular leader to call order, meetings could go on for long hours without members reaching an agreement. Organizational behavior entails a lot in an organization. The concept in which, diverse models and philosophies are articulated towards enhancing job performance, facilitating leadership, encouraging innovation among other critical elements that should be taken into consideration. Thus

Margaret Atwood Essay Example For Students

Margaret Atwood Essay Context is all (Margaret Atwood). Does this mean that there is no such thing as truth? What is truth and what is true? Is there such a thing as a truth or just what we perceive to be true at any given time? There are some circumstances where truth is certain. I am sitting in my study and I am writing my essay. This statement is true and hardly refutable unless we try and argue that all we see and feel is what our senses perceive. What the question is asking is whether there is such a thing as universal truth, a statement which cannot be refuted regardless of the situation, and which holds true across time and place. The definition of truth is that something is true always, everywhere and is independent of belief. There are three tests for truth, the first of which is proof by inductive logic, the second by actually testing a truth and the third being pragmatic. In George Orwell’s dystopian novel ‘1984’ a character states 2+2=5. We know this not true and can say immediately that two and two make four because this is what is mathematically accepted when we add up the definitions of two and two. Therefore this is a-priori truth and a deductive syllogism. No matter what context we put this statement in, it will 15 always be true, be it in the addition of two items (such as a sock and a piece of gum) or in a mathematical formulae as shown above. In other words, this statement is always true. However this kind of truth is only relevant in certain mathematical contexts. In other contexts, there is no such thing as absolute truth. 10 1 ________________ GodeFs1 Incompleteness theory shows us that even in a mathematical context, absolute 20 truth is not possible. He claims that in any rational formulaic sentence there is point of improvability. ‘This statement is improvable’2 if one was to prove this statement then it would reiterate its meaning whereas not proving it simply proves that it is improvable. What we can deduce from Godel’s findings is that even in a mathematical context, a formula of rational a-priori numbers can be formulated in such a way that they are 25 untrue. Perception is important when deciding a truth, particularly in the arts, including literature, poetry, music and visual arts. Perceptions have changed over time, and what was once thought beautiful may no longer be considered so. Similarly, some kinds of truth can be contextual depending on time, point of view and place. For example, 30 Indonesia is famous for its Gamalan musicians. The instruments are tuned to different scales from western instruments which makes the sounds unappealing to western ears who are accustomed to western scales. The same would be true for Indonesian musicians listening to western music. A historian prides himself on the ability to state the truth about certain historical events 35 or situations by giving an unbiased account of an event. However, lack of bias is nearly impossible, as a historian will always be affected by his environment and social surroundings. There are certain historical events about which we are certain because we have proof. For example, we know that the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were hit by nuclear bombs during World War H, and no matter what context we look at, 40 this is true. However, there are other situations that we cannot be so sure about. A prime example is the Armenian genocide. In May 1915 the Ottoman empire (now Turkey) is 1 Kurt Godel, Austrian mathematician. 2 This is a method of demonstrating Godel’s theorems in word form. 2 ________________ believed to have carried out genocide upon the people of bordering Armenia. .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 , .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 .postImageUrl , .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 , .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000:hover , .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000:visited , .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000:active { border:0!important; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000:active , .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000 .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd666a2a60fc8cbb834593d7930f5000:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetic Analysis of Song Lyrics EssayThe official position of the Turkish government until this day is complete denial that a massacre occurred. However, in Armenia historians tell us that thousands of innocent 45 Armenians were slaughtered by Ottoman soldiers. This demonstrates how the context changes our understanding of the truth of historical events. ‘Thou shalt not kill’ is a tenet that a religion with billions of followers states in its first teachings and is generally accepted not just as a piece of guidance on how to behave but as a moral absolute, and as a statement of true fact.

Selma Reflection Essay Example

Selma Reflection Paper This film impacted everyone in the audience. It made everyone fell angry, frustrated, hurt, sad, and inspired. Was hooked in this movie from the very beginning. The seen with the black woman tying to register to vote only to be met with a racist man behind the counter denying her of her rights and her disappointment as she has once again been denied was heartbreaking to watch and made me upset and annoyed all at the same time. The movie ally went deep into what life really was like for black people before the Voting Rights Act and the struggles that they had to endure in order to achieve the rights already bestowed upon them. This movie isnt just about DRP. Martin Luther King, but also about the evolution of change through political manipulation. The audience and had no trouble relating with DRP. Martin Luther King. We clearly saw how he was a man no different from any of us and if he can advocate and endorse change through non-violence, then e can as well. Then we have no reason, no excuse, and no justification not to promote change. This epic movie empowers and motivates us to make a difference in the world, to do something that will help make this country a better place for everyone. Overall, this movie simply amazed me. To think that so much can be done through non-violent acts such as protesting and marching. I began to wonder why so many other political figures chose violence over everything else in order to get what they wanted instead of hosing to do what DRP. Martin Luther King did. We see the conflict between choosing violent methods over non-violent methods in the movie during the scene with DRP. Kings wife, Correct, and Malcolm X. In this scene, the two mention how Malcolm X chose violent methods, which was the complete opposite of what DRP. King was doing and how Correct did not want him to ruin what DRP. Martin Luther had already established. I loved this movie and think that everyone should have the opportunity to enjoy it as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Selma Reflection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Selma Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Selma Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

All About the Ancient Roman Family

All About the Ancient Roman Family The Roman family was called familia, from which the Latin word family is derived. The familia could include the triad with which we are familiar, two parents and children (biological or adopted), as well as slaves and grandparents. The head of the family (referred to as the pater familias) was in charge of even adult males in the familia. See Jane F. Gardners Family and Familia in Roman Law and Life reviewed by Richard Saller in The American Historical Review, Vol. 105, No. 1. (Feb. 2000), pp. 260-261. Purposes of the Roman Family The Roman family was the basic institution of the Roman people. The Roman family transmitted morality and social status across generations. The family educated its own young. The family tended its own hearth, while the hearth goddess, Vesta, was tended by state priestess called Vestal Virgins. The family needed to continue so that dead ancestors could be honored by their descendants and connections made for political purposes. When this failed to be motive enough, Augustus Caesar offered financial incentives to families to breed. Marriage The wife of the pater familias (the mater familias) might have been considered part of her husbands family or part of her natal family, depending on the conventions of the marriage. Marriages in Ancient Rome could be in manu in the hand or sine manu without the hand. In the former case, the wife became part of her husbands family; in the latter, she remained tied to her family of origin. Divorce and Emancipation When we think of divorce, emancipation, and adoption, we usually think in terms of ending relationships between families. Rome was different. Inter-familial alliances were essential for garnering the support needed for political ends. Divorces could be granted so that partners could remarry into other families to establish new connections, but the family connections established via first marriages need not be broken. Emancipated sons were still entitled to shares of paternal estates. Adoption Adoption also brought families together and allowed continuity to families that would otherwise have no one to carry on the family name. In the unusual case of Claudius Pulcher, adoption into a plebeian family, led by a man younger than himself, allowed Claudius (now using the plebeian name Clodius) to run for election as tribune of the plebs. For information on the adoption of freedmen, see The Adoption of Roman Freedmen, by Jane F. Gardner. Phoenix, Vol. 43, No. 3. (Autumn, 1989), pp. 236-257. Familia vs. Domus In legal terms, familia included all those under the power of the pater familias; sometimes it meant only the slaves. The pater familias was usually the oldest male. His heirs were under his power, as were the slaves, but not necessarily his wife. A boy without a mother or children could be a pater familias. In non-legal terms, the mother/wife could be included in the familia, although the term usually used for this unit was domus, which we translate as home. See Familia, Domus, and the Roman Conception of the Family, by Richard P. Saller. Phoenix, Vol. 38, No. 4. (Winter, 1984), pp. 336-355. Household and Family Religion in Antiquity, edited by John Bodel and Saul M. Olyan Meaning of Domus Domus referred to the physical house, the household, including the wife, ancestors, and descendants. The domus referred to the places where the pater familias exerted his authority or acted as dominus. Domus was also used for the dynasty of the Roman emperor. Domus and familia were often interchangeable. Pater Familias vs. Pater or Parent While pater familias is usually understood as head of the family, it had the primary legal meaning of estate owner. The word itself was usually used in legal contexts and required only that the person be able to possess property. The terms usually used to denote parenting were parens parent, pater father, and mater mother. See Pater Familias, Mater Familias, and the Gendered Semantics of the Roman Household, by Richard P. Saller. Classical Philology, Vol. 94, No. 2. (Apr. 1999), pp. 182-197.

African Americans and Dementia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

African Americans and Dementia - Research Paper Example African Americans may have less knowledge about health care institutions that care for dementia patients. Awareness about the availability of health institutions and health services present in the society is crucial in providing care for dementia patients. Knowledge about assessment center is crucial in proving care for the African American elders, who suffer from the disease more than any other age group in society (Ethnic Elders Care Network, 2012). The availability of finances also affects the treatment of dementia. Lack of adequate financial resources has been attributed to poor dementia care in the African American community. In particular, African American elders are often uninsured or economically disadvantaged. They cannot afford to pay for the medical care needed to manage dementia symptoms (Ethnic Elders Care Network, 2012). Mistrust between the caregiver and the patient has also been reported as a major barrier to treatment. African Americans have avoided seeking medical h elp due to the lack of cultural diversity in medical teams. In addition, African Americans are dissatisfied with the formal health care available for them in their communities (Ethnic Elders Care Network, 2012). Consequently, racial discrimination has been attributed to a lack of treatment for patients suffering from dementia. In particular, bias against African Americans has been reported in medical institutions. Discriminatory admission practices; have led to few African American seeking medical help to counter the symptoms of dementia (Ethnic Elders Care Network, 2012). Effective treatment of dementia; demands establishment of a rapport within members of caregiver networks. Family members are advised to identify certain caregivers they can consult regularly to help the patient overcome the effects of dementia. In addition, proper communication with the caregivers is also crucial. Family members should ensure that they communicate all details to the caregiver. There are instances whereby family members may or may not want clearly labeled medication. They should communicate with the caregiver if they feel uneasy about the label of the medication.

Critical Thinking Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Critical Thinking - Article Example Since they are humans, they have the constitutional right to express themselves sexually (Higgins, 2008). Unfortunately, their disabled state puts them in great dangers as they often fall victim of sexual abuse and exploitation. Efforts by caregivers to protect them from such abuses could easily be misinterpreted as denying the disabled the right to sexual lives. This is in fact the conflicting part of their caregivers’ responsibility to the disabled. However, Bernert (2011) submit that care giving may be conducted in search a manner that guarantees maximum protection of the person with disability. For instance, such a person should be educated on matters pertaining to sex depending on their state. They should further be provided with equipment such as wheelchairs and allowed access to contraceptives. In addition, they can be helped foster good relationships that not only take note of their state, but that which is informed with the needs of such a person. It is only through this that the right of the persona with the disability can be guaranteed without the caregiver feeling like they are in a

Management Fayol Organization

Management Fayol Organization PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Henri Fayol was born in 1841 in Istanbul. He was one of Europes leading thinkers on management theories and was one of the most influential contributors to modern concepts of management. Fayol was a key figure in the ‘turn-of-the-century Classical School of management theory. He suggested that management is a universal human activity that applies to family as well as to the organization. His Frenchmen has been described as the father of modern operational management theory. His ideas have become the very foundation of modern management concepts. Henri Fayol was a French engineer and director of mines, was little known outside France until the late 40s when Constance Storrs published her translation of Fayols 1916 Administration Industrielle et Generale . Fayols career began as a mining engineer. He then moved into research geology and in 1888 joined, Comambault as Director. Comambault was in difficulty but Fayol turned the operation round. On retirement he published his work a comprehensive theory of administration described and classified administrative management roles and processes then became recognised and referenced by others in the growing discourse about management. He is frequently seen as a key, early contributor to a classical or administrative management school of thought (even though he himself would never have recognised such a school). Henri Fayol theorising about administration was built on personal observation and experience of what worked well in terms of organisation. His aspiration for an administrative science sought a consistent set of principles that all organizations must apply in order to run properly. F. W. Taylor published The Principles of Scientific Management in the USA in 1911, and Fayol in 1916 examined the nature of management and administration on the basis of his French mining organisation experiences.. With two exceptions, Henri Fayols theories of administration are going directly into the bureaucratic superstructure described by Weber. Henri Fayol focuses on the personal duties of management at a much more granular level than Weber did. While Weber laid out principles for an ideal bureaucratic organization Fayols work is more directed at the management layer Fayol was the famous theorist who proposed that there are five primary functions of manager. He believed that management had five principle roles which he saw as (1) Planning: To forecast and plan the future by drawing up plans of actions and how they will be implemented by identifying the strategies (2) Organizing: To build up the structure, material and who give the delegated authority to carry out the specific tasks (3) Commanding: Maintaining activity among the personnel and giving orders in the specific period of time telling the employees what exactly to do and how. (4) Co-ordinating: Binding together the whole of the team so that they can harmonize their activities and efforts to one unified goal or achievement. (5) Controlling: To see that everything occurs in conformity with policy and practise. Controlling is described in the sense that a manager must receive feedback on a process that is being carried out in an organization so that he can make the relevant adjustments if necessary. Most of these activities are very task oriented, rather than people oriented, very similar to Taylor and Scientific Management. While both have a task focus, their approaches are quite different. Fayol was particularly interested in authority and its implementation while Taylor concentrated on work organisation (e.g. efficiency). In many ways their views illustrating some of the differences between the USA and Europe. The views and attitudes towards organisations and management are not always led by American theorists. He advocated a consistent set of principles that all organisations need to run properly. Although many of todays management text including Daft (2005) have reduced the five functions to four, co-ordinating was congregated into the rest of the main functions. However all modern day management texts are based and organized around Fayols four functions. Henri Fayol also fused the 14 principles for organizational design and effective administration. The 14 principles of management were discussed in detail in his book published in 1917 Administration industrielle et gà ©nà ©rale. He compared the conclusions made by Peter, Kanter and Handy. Fayol developed fourteen principles of administration to go along with managements five primary roles. He laid down the following principles of organization which he later called the principles of management: Specialization of labour: A principle of work allocation and specialisation in order to concentrate activities to enable specialisation of skills and understandings, more work focus and efficiency. Specializing encourages continuous improvement in skills and the development of improvements in methods. Authority: The right to give orders and the power to exact obedience. If responsibilities are allocated, then the post holder needs the requisite authority to carry these out including the right to require others in the area of responsibility to undertake duties. Authority stems from: that ascribed from the delegation process (the job holder is assigned to act as the agent of the high authority to whom they report hierarchy) Allocation and permission to use the necessary resources needed (budgets, assets, and staff) to carry out the responsibilities. selection the person has the expertise to carry out the responsibilities and the personal qualities to win the support and confidence of others. Discipline: No slacking, bending of rules. The generalisation about discipline is that discipline is essential for the smooth running of a business and without it standards, consistency of action, adherence to rules and values no enterprise could prosper. in an essence obedience, application, energy, behavior and outward marks of respect observed in accordance with standing agreements between firms and its employees 1916 Unity of command: A concept that suggests there should be only one supervisor for each person in an organization. Each employee has one and only one boss. The idea is that an employee should receive instructions from just a single superior . This generalisation still holds even where we are involved with team and matrix structures which involve reporting to more than one boss or being accountable to several clients. The basic concern is that tensions and dilemmas arise where we report to two or more bosses. One boss may want X, the other Y and the subordinate is caught between the devil and the deep blue sea. Unity of direction: A single mind generates a single plan and all play their part in that plan. The unity of command idea of having one head (chief executive, cabinet consensus) with agree purposes and objectives and one plan for a group of activities) is clear. Subordination of individual interest to the general interest : When at work, only work things should be pursued or thought about. Fayols line was that one employees interests or those of one group should not prevail over the organisation as a whole. This would spark a lively debate about who decides that the interests of the organisation as a whole are. Ethical dilemmas and matters of corporate risk and the behaviour of individual chancers are involved here. Fayols work assumes a shared set of values by people in the organisation a unitarism where the reasons for organisational activities and decisions are in some way neutral and reasonable. 7. Remuneration of staff: Employees receive fair payment for services, not what the company can get away with. â€Å"The price of services rendered.† 1916 The general principle is that levels of compensation should be fair and as far as possible afford satisfaction both to the staff and the firm (in terms of its cost structures and desire for profitability/surplus). 8. Centralisation: Consolidation of management functions. Decisions are made from the top. Centralisation for HF is essential to the organisation and a natural consequence of organising. This issue does not go away even where flatter, devolved organisations occur. Decentralisation is frequently centralisaed-decentralisation !!! The modes of control over the actions and results of devolved organisations are still matters requiring considerable attention. 9. Scalar chain/line of authority: Formal chain of command running from top to bottom of the organization, like military. The scalar chain of command of reporting relationships from top executive to the ordinary shop operative or driver needs to be sensible, clear and understood. 10. Order: All materials and personnel have a prescribed place, and they must remain there. The level of generalisation becomes difficult with this principle. Basically an organisation should provide an orderly place for each individual member who needs to see how their role fits into the organisation and be confident, able to predict the organisations behaviour towards them. Thus policies, rules, instructions and actions should be understandable and understood. Orderliness implies steady evolutionary movement rather than wild, anxiety provoking, unpredictable movement. 11. Equity: Equality of treatment (but not necessarily identical treatment) . Equity, fairness and a sense of justice shouldpervade the organisation in principle and practice. 12. Stability of tenure or Personnel Tenure: Limited turnover of personnel. Lifetime employment for good workers. Time is needed for the employee to adapt to his/her work and perform it effectively. Stability of tenure promotes loyalty to the organisation, its purposes and values. 13. Initiative: Thinking out a plan and do what it takes to make it happen. At all levels of the organisational structure, zeal, enthusiasm and energy are enabled by people having the scope for personal initiative, in respect with Tom Peters. 14. Esprit de corps: Harmony, cohesion among personnel. Here Fayol emphasises the need for building and maintaining of harmony among the work force, team work and sound interpersonal relationships. Its a great source of strength in the organisation. Fayol stated that for promoting esprit de corps, the principle of unity of command should be observed and the dangers of divide and rule and the abuse of written communication should be avoided The final two principles, initiative and esprit de corps, show a difference between Fayols concept of an ideal organization and Webers. Weber predicted a completely impersonal organization with little human level interaction between its members. Fayol clearly believed personal effort and team dynamics were part of a ideal organization Out of the 14, the most important elements are specialization, unity of command, scalar chain, and, coordination by managers (an amalgam of authority and unity of direction). Advantages of Fayols theories and contributions Fayol was the first person to actually give a definition of management which is generally familiar today namely ‘forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control. Fayol also gave much of the basic terminology and concepts, which would be elaborated upon by future researchers, such as division of labour, scalar chain, unity of command and centralization. Disadvantages Fayol was describing the structure of formal organizations. Absence of attention to issues such as individual versus general interest, remuneration and equity suggest that Fayol saw the employer as paternalistic and by definition working in the employees interest. Fayol does mention the issues relating to the sensitivity of a patients needs, such as initiative and ‘esprit de corps, he saw them as issues in the context of rational organisational structure and not in terms of adapting structures and changing peoples behaviour to achieve the best fit between the organisation and its customers. Many of these principles have been absorbed into modern day organisations, but they were not designed to cope with conditions of rapid change and issues of employee participation in the decision making process of organisations, such as are current today in the early 21st century. Successes Fayols five principle roles of management are still actively practiced today. The author has found Plan, Organize, Command, Co-ordinate and Control written on one than one managers whiteboard during his career. The concept of giving appropriate authority with responsibility is also widely commented on (if not well practiced.) Unfortunately his principles of unity of command and unity of direction are consistently violated in matrix management the structure of choice for many of todays companies. Conclusion Henri Fayol was important for two reasons: first, because he placed management centre stage; second, because he pondered the question of how best a company could be organised. He was also one of the earliest people to write and lecture on management issues, and indeed is sometimes referred to as the first management thinker. It is clear that modern organizations are strongly influenced by the theories of Taylor, Mayo, Weber and Fayol. Their precepts have become such a strong part of modern management that it is difficult to believe that these concepts were original and new at some point in history. The modern idea that these concepts are common sense is strong tribute to these founders. References Accessed on: 30 December 2007 www.healthknowledge.org.uk Accessed on: 30 December 2007 www.wikipeida.com Accessed on: 01 January 2007 www.onepine.com Accessed on: 02 January 2007 www.analytictech.com Accessed on: 02 January 2007 www.bola.biz Accessed on: 05 January 2007 www.learningmatters.com Accessed on: 06 January 2007 www.12manage.com Accessed on: 07 January 2007 www.answers.com Accessed on: 07 January 2007 www.intute.ac.uk The History of Management Thought by Daniel A. Wren Business: The Ultimate Resource by Daniel P. Goleman Project Management by David L. Cleland Fifty Key Figures in Management (Routledge Key Guides) by Morgen Witzel Daft, R. (2005). Management, (7th ed.). Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western. Fayol, H. (1949). General and industrial management. London. Pitman Publishing company. Fayol Fayol, H. (1987). General and industrial management: Henri Fayols classic revised by Irwin Gray. Belmont, CA: David S. Lake Publishers.

Failure of the Schlieffen Plan Essay -- Papers

Failure of the Schlieffen Plan In just over a month of fighting, two deeply disturbing features of the war were evident even to the generals who had unleashed the first campaigns: a quick victory was impossible, and the human and material losses incurred as a result of the industrialization of war preparation were on a scale never before seen. The Schlieffen plan had at first seemed to go according to schedule. Although the Belgians had declared war rather than allow the Germans passage across their borders, their great fortresses had not proved a big obstacle. The right wing had swung along the Channel coast to enter France on August 27, and at one time were within forty miles of Paris. But the British had supplied an unexpectedly large expeditionary force, which helped strengthen the French center; the Russians penetrated into East Prussia and thus compelled the Germans to detach part of their forces from the western to the eastern front; and the poor leadership of Von Moltke had allowed his two armies on the Belgian front to lose contact. The French commander Joffre seized his opportunity to counterattack, and threw in his reserve against the dangerously extended German line to the east of Paris. In the first Battle of the Marne, the Germans were forced to retreat to the line of the river Aisne, where they were able to establish a strong defense line. By November, when the winter rains began and operations literally bogged down, the war of rapid movement originally planned by the generals had turned into a slogging match between entrenched armies, disposed in double lines of ditches behind barbed wire barriers along a front that ... ...ternate fire-bays and traverses. Duck-boards were also placed at the bottom of the trenches to protect soldiers from problems such as trench foot. Soldiers also made dugouts and funk holes in the side of the trenches to give them some protection from the weather and enemy fire. The front-line trenches were also protected by barbed-wire entanglements and machine-gun posts. Short trenches called saps were dug from the front-trench into No-Man's Land. The sap-head, usually about 30 yards forward of the front-line, were then used as listening posts. Behind the front-line trenches were support and reserve trenches. The three rows of trenches covered between 200 and 500 yards of ground. Communication trenches, were dug at an angle to the frontline trench and was used to transport men, equipment and food supplies.

Youth Policy Kazakhstan

Introduction It is 8 o’clock in the morning. The alarm clock rings and everybody in the house wakes up. Kids get ready for school, adults go to work. Only Almas is not in a hurry, it has been six months since he graduated from university and cannot find a job that suits him. While studying at university everything seemed so easy: â€Å"Graduate, find a good job, become rich†. However, in reality, getting a job came out to be not as easy as he expected. Youth unemployment is one of the problems in the world nowadays.The percentage of unemployed young people in Kazakhstan is equal to 28. 6% (â€Å" †, 2006). This means that the big portion of youth cannot find proper jobs. It is a recognized fact that unemployment is one of the dynamics through which the social condition of a country can be defined. First of all, how can â€Å"youth† be defined? Youth is considered as either a phase of life or as a social category. The phase of life refers to youth being th e period between childhood and adulthood. In this report I will consider young people at the age of 20 to 24.Secondly, what is considered as â€Å"unemployment†? According to Investopedia (2012), unemployment is â€Å"when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work†. According to the United Nations Economic Committee for Europe (UNECE, 2011), youth unemployment was one of the drivers of the worldwide financial crisis in 2008. Thus, a governmental youth policy is one of the main policy directions in which a lot of countries all over the world are trying to improve nowadays. The Republic of Kazakhstan is also in the list of these states.The attitude of the Kazakhstani government to young people is seen in the law â€Å"About governmental youth policy† ?581 from 7th of July 2004 (Kazahstanskaya Pravda, 2004). This law points out that youth are the future of the republic and this law is created to reduce the number of unemployed youth. According to the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2003) the percentage of youth of the overall population was equal to 29. 1% in 2003 (cited in: A Social Portrait of Young People in Today’s Kazakhstan, 2006).This means that the youth is a significant fraction of the country’s population. Nowadays, young people face difficulties in receiving health service, good education, employment housing and other social issues. By providing support to this portion of the population and paying more attention to the development of youth policy, the Kazakhstani government could give the country an opportunity to build the basis for the brighter future for Kazakhstan. The main research question of this report is: What factors are contributing to youth unemployment?I will be investigating the reason young people cannot find jobs; despite the fact that the government is making everything they can to reduce the number of unemployed young people. As I am graduating soon this issue has a direct connection to me, so I also want to find out what can I do to avoid this problem. In order to answer the key research question I will follow the three research objectives. Firstly, as I have written in the previous paragraphs young people have a huge influence on the economy of any country.That is why I will analyze the current economic, social and political situation in Kazakhstan. Secondly, I will estimate the effectiveness of youth policy of the government in Kazakhstan. Finally, I will consider the opinions of young people on the issue of youth unemployment. The research project will consist of a survey and interviews. Questionnaires will be distributed among the alumni students of universities as Kazakhstan Institute of Economics, Management and Strategic Research (KIMEP), University of International Business (UIB), Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU) and others.The reason I’m choosing exactly Kazakh-British Technical University (KBTU) and others. The re ason I’m choosing exactly this kind of survey is that results are likely to be objective because of to the anonymity of the surveyed people. Moreover, through questionnaires I will be able to gather information from a significant amount of people in a short time. The surveys are planned to be held during the midterm break (October, 2012). The representatives of such governmental youth organizations such as KIMEP Students Association (KSA) and â€Å"Zhas Otan† Youth Political Party will be interviewed.I will interview them, as they know the problem from the inside: from the governmental point of view. Also, they are university graduates, so they can analyze the problem by combining the two different sides. Interviews are helpful, as during the interview I will be able to ask questions I’m interested in and find new information from the knowledge and experiences of the representatives. Interviews will also be held in October, 2012. The first paragraph of this repo rt gives information on the general background of research problem and also identifies the main research uestion. Moreover, introduction includes the short description of the research methods. It also consists of the work plan. The second section addresses the literature review, which is based on the information collected from academic articles of Google Scholar databases, EBSCOhost, magazines, Kazakhstani newspapers, different Internet resources, and books. The third chapter covers the data and methodology information. The next chapter focuses on the analysis of received data and its discussion. The last chapter is the conclusion. It summarizes the done work.The sources used and gathered are provided in the bibliography section. Each section is approximately from four to seven pages. References: Eshpanova D. D. & Nysanbaev A. N. (2006). A Social Portrait of Young People in Today’s Kazakhstan. Russian Education and Society, 48, 75-96. Retrieved from EBSCOhost Database  « ? ?  » 7 2004 #581 (Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan â€Å"about Governmental youth policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan† July 7, 2004, ?581).Kazahstanskaya Pravda, 158. (The problem of unemployment amoung young people). (2006). Zakon. Retrieved from http://www. zakon. kz/77840-obsuzhdeny-problemy-bezraboticy-sredi. html United Nations Economic Committee (2011). Men are more affected by rising youth unemployment in most UNECE countries. Retrieved 10, September, 2012, from: http://www. unece. org/statshome/news/newsyouth-uneployment-rate. html

The Dangers Of The Cell Phone While Driving - 2183 Words

On any given day, millions of Americans are driving on the roads. There are truck drivers; family’s going on vacations, and many other people that share the roads. Everyone just wants to get to their location safely, but sadly, this always doesn’t happen. Each year thousands of Americans are killed due to distracted driving, even more are injured. It’s a dangerous problem that is getting larger by the day. One type of distracted driving that is more prevalent is talking on the cell phone. Everyone is affected by this type of distracted driving because they are exposed to it every day. The use of the cell phone while driving has the ability to dramatically impact a person’s reaction time. It takes a person’s eyes off the road, which is something that should never happen. In turn, this could increase the risk of them causing a car crash. The public does want the roads to be safe for themselves and their families. The United States government and other state agencies have been studying ways to reduce this destructive trend. One way they have been discussing is making talking on a cell phone while driving illegal. This is a very straight forward way of attacking the issue. By doing this, they can effectively help to prevent further injuries or deaths. This is an enormous task to accomplish, but doing this is better than doing nothing. Banning the use of cell phones while driving is advantageous for citizenry because eliminating anything that distracts a person from driving hasShow MoreRelatedCell Phone Dangers While Driving1046 Words   |  5 PagesCell-Phone Dangers While Driving Introduction Today, we use our cell phones for just about anything and everything to include; texting, talking to our loved ones, and connecting with the rest of the world via social media. Cell phones have become a natural way of life to where we pick up our phones and use them like second nature. However, the dangers present themselves when we get behind the wheel of a car and carry these habits of cell phone addictions with us. If all states ban the use of cellRead More Cell Phones And Driving: Dangers Involved with Cell Phone Use While Driving1036 Words   |  5 Pagesoften. Talking on the cell phone and driving has become a very popular thing these days. Technology is coming out with the newest phones that can do everything for you and people are attracted to that. There are people that don’t have hands free and drive their car with only one hand, people that text and totally take their eye off the road and type conversations to each other. Bluetooth is another technological breakth rough where you wear an ear piece and can receive phone calls by one touch ofRead MoreEssay on The Dangers of Cell Phone Use While Driving604 Words   |  3 PagesFor years, people who driving under influence leading causes of road accidents in many countries. Many people have a cell phone and some even call their cell phone their life line. The cell phone is a provider of very important information such as addresses, phone numbers, and important dates. However, while the cell phone has many positive attributes like keeping people in touch, the cell phone becomes very dangerous when a person decides to drive and use it.This obliged many countries especiallyRead MoreDangers of Cell Phone Use While Driving Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pageslast few decades, the use of cell phones has become a very common tool. Furthermore, Technology has certainly advanced, and the cell phone is becoming the most preferred mode of communication. The demand for a cell phone is growing every day. In add ition, the use of wireless technology is affordable, and anyone can buy a cell phone at a reasonable price. They come in all shapes and sizes. They range from black to bright metallic white. American public use of cell phones is increasing everyday. AsRead MoreDangers of Cell Phone Use While Driving562 Words   |  2 Pages It has been reported that roughly 660,000 U.S citizens use their cell phones while driving on a daily basis. You are four times more likely to get into an accident if you are talking on your cell phone and twenty-three times more likely to get into a car crash if you are texting while driving. Reports have also shown that 11% of drivers who are between the ages of 15-19 were distracted at the time of a fatal crash. A cell phone distracted 21% of those drivers at the time of the fatal crash. Of theRead MoreCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers:1096 Words   |  5 PagesCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: A Risk or a Benefit? As of 2000, there were about ninety million cell phone users in the United States, with 85% of them using their phones while on the road (Sundeen 1). Because of evidence that cell phones impair drivers by distracting them, some states have considered laws restricting their use in moving vehicles. Proponents of legislation correctly point out that using phones while driving can be dangerous. The extent of the danger, however, is a matterRead MoreThe Epidemic of Texting and Driving Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesAutomobile crashes as a result of texting while driving is an epidemic that has taken over the nation in the past years. In today’s society, people have become more and more dependent on technology as everyday uses. How many can honestly say that they have text and driven? How many have had to swerve, stop on the brakes or almost gotten into an accident because of it? Texting while driving is the most common thing that almost everyone has done or seen. The main iss ue and threat is that peopleRead MoreCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: a Risk or Benefit?1570 Words   |  7 PagesCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers A Risk or a Benefit Ariana Laguna English 102 Professor Barnes/Walter 10 December 2012 Outline THESIS: Unless the risks of cell phones are shown to outweigh the benefits, we should not restrict their use in moving vehicles: instead, we should educate the public about the dangers of driving while phoning and prosecute irresponsible phone users under laws on negligent and reckless driving. I. Scientific studies havent proved a link between use ofRead MoreThe Dangers Of Texting While Driving1561 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 015 18 September 2014 â€Å"Almost Home† With the society we live in today, a cell phone almost becomes a necessity. Although cell phones come in handy and even make life a little easier, our cell phone usage is becoming a threat to us. There are several ways in which this powerful object can be dangerous. Texting while driving is one danger many do not realize until something drastic happens. Texting while driving is not only a threat to us, but as well as other drivers, passengers, and pedestriansRead MoreCell Phones While Driving Essay642 Words   |  3 PagesCell Phones and Driving In today’s society we’ve all become attached to our cell phones. Cell phones make our lives easier in many ways we can check our email, receive phone calls, send text messages, listen to music, and take pictures, all at our finger tips. With all this convenience, however there is a dangerous side to cell phones, and that’s when we use them while driving. Most of us are guilty of using cell phones while driving, but have we ever thought about its danger? Five states plus